Internal-combustion engine.



JOSWIGH. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED I'EB.27, 1912.

1,069,432 Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

Wrrmesses INVENTQ 4% zfl/osww P. JOSWIGH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION 'ENGINE.

APPLICATION FAILED rmmv, 1912.

Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

Wrrmeasts P. JOSWICH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILE-D IIIB.27, 1912.

INVENTOR.

71k: kswz WITMEsaEs.

Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

FELIX J OSWICI' I, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed: February 27, 1912. Serial No. 680,357.

'1 '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FELIX J OSWIOH, a citizen of the United States, residing, at St. Paul, in the county of Ramsey and: State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to. improvements in internal combustion engines of the two-cycle type, one of its main objects being to create and employ a partial Vacuum to scavenge the combustion chamber of burned out gases,

and at the same time-to'draw into it a fresh charge of explosive mixture. The use of a vacuum for thesepurposes economizes power, assists in vaporiz ng the explosive mlxture, makes it unnecessary to .-use a pump for forcing the explosive mixture into the combustion chamber under pressure, keeps a more perfect division line between the dead gases and the fresh charge, and more completely scavenges the combustion chamberof the gaseous products of combustion.

A further object of the invention is to provide a piston with a trunk extension sleeve which shall coverand-uncoven the inlet' and exhaust ports, and make'it possible to space these ports apart a; distance approximately equal to thelength of the sleeve andavoid dead pockets.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts herein after described: and claimed.

In the drawings forming part of this.

specification, Figure 1 1s a vertical section of the engine through the inlet. and exhaust ports, taken on line 'vv of Fig. 4; Fig. 2 is a cross section on line w-m of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is .a cross section on line y-'y ofe'Fig.

, 1; Fig.- l is a cross section on line w-w of Figs. 1 and 6; Fig. 5' is av cross section through the registering ports of the piston sleeve and cylinder. taken on. line zz of Figs. land 6; and Figs. 6, 7, and 8' are vertical sections online t t of Fig." 4, showing the piston at different stages of its stroke.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, A. representsthe cylinder,-B the vacuum chamber, 2 the crank case and 3 the cylinder head, which is projectcd inwardly into the cylinder.- so asto leave between its side walland the side well. 5.5 of the cylinder a channel or recess 4 to re.

closure therefor. piston is formed wlthan annular or cironnei ner side of the side wall of the cylinder, and

telescopes over the inwardly projected cylinder head, as-above stated. At its lower end, just above the piston head, the sleeve is formed with a row of ports 10, extending at intervals entirely around its periphery. These ports are arranged in position to register successivelywith two rows of correspondingly disposed ports in the cylinder, namely the outlet ports 11 opening into the exhaust manifold 12, and the ports 13 opening into the vacuum chamber B. At its lower or outer end the piston carries a laterally extending annular flange 14, which slides like. a piston upon the inner side of the side wall 15 of: the vacuum-chamber.- Thiswall is concentric with the piston, and is spaced apart from it and fromthe short terminal portion of! the cylinder which extends down below the exhaust manifold, so

as to form a surrounding vacuum chamber. The annular flange 14: forms a movable-loot tom closure tor-the chamber and the bottom wall of: the exhaust manifold forms thetop Near its lower end the ferentia-l depression 16 wide enough to bridge over, and allow communication be tween, the exhaust ports 11 and the ports 13 when the piston is at the top of its upward stroke, as shown in Fig.

Near the cylinder head 3 the cylinder is formed with a row of inlet ports 17, disposed at frequent intervals all'around its periphery. These open into the inlet manis told 18-. It will be seen that the sleeve 5 is 03? suiiicient height to cover and seal the inlet ports 17 at all times except when it is at the bottom of its stroke, in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 6. It will also-be seen that the ports 10 inthe lower end of the sleeve 5 will register with the outlet ports 11, once whenthe iston is nearly at the end of its down stro e and again just after it has started back-upon its-up stroke, as shown-in Fig.- 8.. ltcwill also be seen that the interior into the vacuum chamber,

reaches the position of the telescoping piston-sleeve 5 becomes the combustion chamber in which the explosive mixture is compressed and fixed.

In Fig. 7 the piston is shown at the. top of its upward or inward stroke, with the sleeve 5 telescoped over :the cylinder head. WVhen, now, the explosive mixture, which is held under compression between. the piston head 9 and the cylinder head, is fired, the piston will be driven down, or upon its outward power stroke. As it starts down it immediately closes the ports 13 which open and thereby seals that chamber against the admission of air or other gases. As it continues its outward stroke the flange 14 also moves down or out away'from the exhaust manifold, and thereby increases the height, and enlarges the size, of the vacuum chamber so as to create in it a partial vacuum. When the piston reaches the position shown in'Fig. 8, the ports 10 in the lower part of the sleeve will come into registration with the outlet ports 11, and part of the burned gases will escape through them into the exhaust manifold. When the piston travels a little farther and shown in Figs. 1 and 6, the inlet ports 17 will be uncovered and the exhaust ports llclosed while the ports 10 in the sleeve 5 will register with the ports 13 into the vacuum chamber; so that most of the remainder of the burned gases in the combustion chamber will be drawn through the ports 13 into the vacuum chamber, while a fresh charge of the explosive mixture, under atmospheric pressure only, will rush into the combustion chamber through the inlet ports 17 and manifold 18 to place of the displaced burned gases. When the piston starts up. again on its return or inward stroke, it will first close the inlet ports 17 and the ports 13 into the vacuum chamber; then, when the ports 10 come again into registration with the exhaust ports 11, the remainder of the burned out gases, which are now under some compression the upward movement of the piston head, will be almost all expelled through the ports 11 into the exhaust manifold. The piston then continues its inward stroke with all ports closed, compressing both the new charge of explosive mixture in the combustion chamber and the burned out gases in the vacuum chamber, until the annular depression 16 uncovers both the ports 13 and the outlet ports 11, when practically all the dead gases in the vacuum chamber will escape through these ports into the exhaust manifold. The piston will then have reached the top of its compression stroke and, after the explosive mixture in. the combustion chamber has been fired, the cycle-of operations already described will be repeated.

The cubical contents of the vacuum chamher is nearly equal to that of the combustion take the owing tochamber, the latter being slightly greater to allow for a certain constant residuum of unexpelled dead gases remaining in the bottom of the combustion chamber; and as the explosive mixture is let into the inlet manifold in predetermined quantities it will at no time enter the vacuum chamber.

It will be seen that by creating a vacuum whereby to scavenge the combustion chamber of burned gases and at the same time to draw into it a new charge of explosive mixture, the incoming fresh gases will be drawn in. the same direction as the outgoing dead gases, so that the gases will not oppose each other and cause an irregular admixture of the two kinds-of gases, but there will be a true division line between them, so that the combustion chamber will be more completely scavenged of the dead gases. The division line is more perfectly maintained, and the flow of the incoming and outgoing gases kept more uniform, by arranging the inlet and outlet ports at frequent intervals on: tirely around the periphery of the cylinder. Furthermore, by the use of a vacuum whereby to draw the charge of explosive mixture into the combustion chamber, the explosive gas can be'admitted at atmospheric pressure, and a force pump be done away with. A further advantage is that the partial vacuum in advance of the incoming fresh gases will assist in vaporizing the mixture.

Various modifications may be made in the details of the engine, without departing from the principle of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having an inwardly pro-- ecting cylinder head and being formed with inlet ports near said cylinder head, a piston working within the cylinder and having an extension sleeve adapted to slide over the cylinder head and cover and uncover said inlet ports, said cylinder being formed with exhaust ports spaced apart from the inlet port-s a distance approximately equal to the length of the sleeve and said sleeve being formed with ports just above the piston head, a vacuum chamber having ports communicating with said ports in the sleeve, and means actuated by the travel of the pistonfor creating a-partial vacuum in said chamber, whereby simultaneously to scavenge the sleeve of burned gases and to draw into it a new charge of explosive fuel.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having spaced inlet and exhaust ports, a piston working within the cylinder and having an extension sleeve adapted to cover and uncover said "inlet ports and being formed near the piston head,

with ports registering with said exhaust ports, and a vacuum chamber surrounding the piston on the other side ofthe piston head and having ports communicating with said ports in the sleeve, and means actuated by the travel ot' the piston for creating a partial vacuum in said chamber, said piston being formed near its outer end with a circumferential depression spanning the ports in the vacuum chamber and the exhaust ports in the cylinder when the piston is at the end of its inward travel, whereby to open communication between said ports for the expulsion of burned gases from the vacuum chamber into the exhaust ports.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder-formed with inlet ports near the cylinder head and exhaust ports spaced apart from the inlet ports, a piston working within the cylinder and having an extension sleeve adapted to cover and uncover said inlet ports, of explosive fuel, said sleeve being formed near the piston head with ports registering with said exhaust ports, means for exploding the sleeve-contained fuel, a vacuum chamber having ports communicating with the ports in the sleeve, and means actuated by the piston in its outward travel for creating a partial vacuum in said\ chamber, whereby, when its ports register with the portsin the sleeve, to scavenge the sleeve of binned gases and simultaneously to draw into the sleeve a fresh charge of fuel. J

4. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having an inwardly pro- 1erted cylinder head, a piston working within the cylinder and having an extension sleeve adapted to telescope over the cylinder head, said cylinder being formed with inlet ports near the cylinder head and with exhaust ports spaced apart from the inlet ports a distance approximately equal to the length of the sleeve, and said sleeve being formed with ports just above the piston head, a acuum chamber surrounding the and to receive charges piston on the'other side of the piston head, and having ports adapted to register with the ports in the sleeve, the piston being formed at its outer end .With a piston like flange working within the vacuum chamber and adapted to create a partial vacuum therein, whereby to draw the burned gases from the piston sleeve into the chamber, and means for ejecting said gases from the chamber into the exhaust ports.

' 5. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder formed with inlet ports near the cylinder head and exhaust ports spaced apart from the inlet ports, a piston working within the cylinder and having an extension sleeve adapted to cover and uncover said inlet ports, said sleeve being formed near' the piston head with ports adapted to register With said exhaust ports, and a vacuum chamber surrounding the piston on the other side of the piston head and having ports adapted to register with the ports in the sleeve, said piston being formed near its outer end with a circumferential depression, and with a piston like flange working within the vacuum chamber and adapted to create a partial vacuum therein, whereby to draw the burned gases in the piston sleeve into the chamber when the sleeve ports are in registration with the ports in the Vacuum chamber, and whereby to expel said gases from the vacuum chamber into the outlet ports, when said depression in the cylinder arrives at a position opposite the ports in the vacuum chamber and the exhaust ports and permits communication between them.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

I FELIX JOSWIGH.

VVit-nesses: I

A rrnUn P. Lo'rnnor, H. SMITH.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner pf Patents,

lwa shington, D. 0. 

